What is Grassroots Lobbying

In the news, we hear about professional lobbyists who attempt to influence legislation and policy through various means. Grassroots lobbying is when everyday citizens contact their own legislators to try to influence legislation and policy. Advocacy groups of all kinds engage in grassroots lobbying, asking their members to call and write their legislators about a piece of legislation. Most people will never contact their legislators, but anyone can pick up the phone and ask their senator to support or oppose a pending bill. Why I Should Contact My Legislators It’s important to let your legislators know where you stand because the number of letters on each side of an issue will be an important indication of where people stand and frequently influence how a legislator will vote on a bill. Grassroots lobbying is very effective because the legislators are hearing directly from their constituency, who will be voting the next time they are up for re-election. How To Contact Legislators It used to be that a hand-written letter was best because it showed that the person cared enough to sit down and write a letter. For security purposes, all letters to the U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives are now pre-screened before being delivered to congressional offices, which means that all letters are delayed. It is now better to make a phone call or send a fax or an email. If you are planning to visit Washington D.C., you can contact your legislator’s office and ask for an appointment. They will ask which issue you would like to discuss, and chances are, you will meet with an aide who handles that issue, and not with the legislator directly. Even if you just find yourself walking past the Hart Senate Office Building while you are sight-seeing, you should feel free to drop in and speak with your legislator’s staff. They are there to serve you, the constituent. Need to contact your state legislators? Locate your state here, and use your state’s official website to find out who your state legislators are and how to contact them. What To Say to Legislators When you send a fax or an email, be sure to provide your contact information, including your street address, so that they can respond to you and they will know that you are constituent. State your position clearly and politely – do you want the legislator to support the bill, or oppose it? Try to keep the message short. Briefly state in a paragraph or two why you support or oppose the bill. Write a separate message for each bill, so that your message will get forwarded to the correct aide who handles that issue. If you call their offices, the receptionist will usually take a short message and may ask for your contact information. The receptionists need to answer many phone calls every day, and just want to know whether you support or oppose the bill. They usually will not need or want to hear an explanation. If you’d like to submit more information, it’s better to send a fax, an email, or a hard copy. Form Letters and Petitions Petitions do not carry much weight. Legislators know that it’s much easier to collect 1,000 petition signatures than it is to get 1,000 people to make a phone call. They also know that many people who sign a petition outside of the supermarket will forget all about the issue at election time. Electronic petitions are even less valuable because it is difficult to verify signatures. If your organization sends out a form letter for your members to send to legislators, encourage people to use the letter as a sample letter and to re-write the letter in their own words. However, if you get an impressive number of signatures on a petition, or if the petition concerns a hot issue in the news, you may be able to interest the media. Send out a press release announcing a date, time and place where the petitions will be delivered to the legislator. If you get media coverage, this will help spread your message and may inspire more people to contact their legislators.

How Did The First World War Change The Role Of Women

To what extent did the First World War change the role of women in British society in the years during and immediately after the conflict? In the lead up to the First World War, the suffrage movement was making significant advances towards the enfranchisement of British women. This would give women a voice in the affairs of the government and greater control over their own lives. By 1914, the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) had 52,000 members and attracted annual donations totalling  £37,000. Furthermore, the increasingly militant actions of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) attracted greater public attention to women’s suffrage. However, Holton believes that this opportunity for permanent political†¦show more content†¦Soon after, women were granted the right to stand for office as MPs, but few women were elected into office. Moreover, the age restriction on women’s voting ensured that men still comprised the majority of the electorate. Despite these shortcomings, the war had a positive impact on the political rights of women. Suffrage, however lim ited, was a significant advancement and gave many women a greater degree of control over their lives. Before the war, politicians thought of enfranchisement as a way to silence suffragettes. Granting women the right to vote without the pressure of militant suffragism signified a greater change in British attitudes towards women. The war may have delayed women’s enfranchisement by a few years, but the war provoked far more significant social change. During the First World War, women made considerable advances in the working world, however, these advances failed to last in the years following the conflict. As young men had left the country for the armed forces, there was a significant lack of labour needed to sustain the war effort. The government encouraged women to support their country by working in factories and in other areas suffering from the lack of young men. Female employment rose over the course of the war from 5,966,000 to 7,311,000: an increase of 22.5%. In addition, many women took up positions of higher responsibility: supervisors, factory inspectors and administrators, allowing women to negotiate their wages and workingShow MoreRelatedThe Era Of The 19th And 20th Centuries1664 Words   |  7 Pages1: The era of the 19th and 20th centuries in Europe was largely defined by imperialism and nationalism. How did these concepts influence the manner in which the world wars were fought? In what ways are they global idea ls? How did these notions cause the wars to become global in nature? What role did the colonies play in the wars? What changes did the wars bring to relationships between European countries and their colonies? Imperialism is the concept of European dominance of non-Western lands throughRead MoreA Time For Change . William G. Pollard, A Physicists, Had1509 Words   |  7 PagesA Time for Change William G. Pollard, a physicists, had once said,†Without change there is no innovation, creativity, or incentive for improvement†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pollard). Throughout history most of the great periods of change can be traced back to an event or discovery. In early man, man hunted for food with his hands until he acquired the technology necessary to make weapons. During this period, man hunted and gathered food as they walked through the vast earth. This was until the discovery of agricultureRead MoreRole Of Women After Ww2 And How Did This Change After?831 Words   |  4 Pagesthe role of women before ww2 and how did this change after? Before World War 2 commenced, women s roles in Australia were extremely different to now. The Australian government believed that women were not needed to perform in any sort of military service, however, once the war began it was thought otherwise (Ergo.slv.vic.gov.au, 2015). The roles of women changed significantly during this time, specifically around the 1940 s. The social, political, and economic rights for Australian women wereRead MoreRole Of The Woman Before World War I1393 Words   |  6 Pageswas the role of the woman before World War I? Under circumstances before the beginning of World War I, the defined duties of a woman would be to take care of the home. Taking care of the home would include being a wife, being a mother, cooking, and cleaning. Women were judged on their attractiveness, rather than what they could bring to the table. Women were seen as being able to do less than a man when it came to being in the workforce. Of course, secretarial jobs were typical for wo men, but industrialRead MoreThe Effect of World War One on People at Home Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of World War One on People at Home The people at home lives were affected in a wide variety of ways during the First World War. Some peoples lives were altered for the good, where as some were altered for the bad. During the First World War, a lot of people were needed in the army. This meant that volunteers were required by their many hundreds. To influence this, propaganda was used in the forms of pamphlets, posters, newspapers and by word of mouth. TheRead Morehow did war change canada1322 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿How Did The Second World War Change Canada? The act of warfare has never been and will most likely never be celebrated and perceived as a beneficial act for humanity. In most instances throughout history, the act of war has represented loss of life, a loss to great for any wartime triumph to overcome. Despite the negative connotations that warfare implies, a nation which goes through a major war can often emerge positively transformed. The Second World War represents a colossal juncture in Canada’sRead MoreMrs. Dalloway, By Virginia Woolf1498 Words   |  6 Pages During World War One, many societal norms were disrupted and thrown aside. Everything was displaced, including gender roles.With people dying in trenches everyday, a woman’s place in the kitchen became a secondary concern. World War One was a time of progressive change–however, this change was only temporary. Both One of Ours, written by Willa Cather, and Mrs. Dalloway, written by Virginia Woolf, take place during this era. Despite being set du ring a time of supposed progress for women’s rightsRead MoreChanging Roles Of Women During The 1920s1590 Words   |  7 Pagesbiggest changes during this time period was in the roles of women. During this time period, women started dressing different, leaving the house, getting jobs, and gaining rights. On top of all of that, they had a bigger role in education, they began taking parts in politics, and divorce became more of a common thing. This may not seem like a big deal to people today, but this was very important at the time. Prior, women had next to no rights. They lived to wait on and please their husbands. Women rarelyRead MoreMrs. Dalloway, By Virginia Woolf1507 Words   |  7 Pages During World War One, many societal norms became disrupted and thrown aside. Everything became displaced, including gender roles. People stopped fretting about a woman’s place in the kitchen when people were dying in the trenches everyday. World War One was a time of progressiv e change–however, it was only temporary. Both One of Ours, written by Willa Cather, and Mrs. Dalloway, written by Virginia Woolf, take place around World War One. Despite taking place around World War One, a time associatedRead MoreWomens Roles: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War by Drew Gilpin Faust1261 Words   |  6 PagesMothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War by Drew Gilpin Faust chronicles the transition of women’s roles and attitudes in the South during the Civil War. The work of Faust does not only deal with the roles of women but also the changing attitudes of men in relation to the status of women in the South. The war itself was integral in the transformation of women and would bring about these changes for the better but would be painful for many who were raised

The Importance Of Tackling The Easy Projects Last

(4)The Priority: It was a big eye opener, learning about how to prioritize the task within a team. I am completely guilty of usually wanting to knock out the easiest task first and save the challenging task for last. I learned the importance of tackling the easy projects last, consequently they do not require using up valuable resources and time. Projects that we are not familiar with or require more time should be started immediately. This leaves time for any snags that come along the way of completion. Setting these goals in the beginning of a project, present the whole team with the big picture. Present the team with a big picture, allows the team to distinguish the priorities of the task. Leaving your team in the dark does not allow†¦show more content†¦Experiencing this on a daily basis was extremely aggravating. I would have been more empathetic and better prepared for the task if I was provided all the information instead of receiving small pieces along the way. (4)Managing task: I have always heard about the fifteen-minute stand up meetings throughout my business courses. I have never had a project leader or manager that utilizes a stand up meeting in the beginning of the day or shift. Devin Dean explains how you can manage your team’s task daily without seeming like a micromanager. I agree you should review your project schedule daily to ensure that there is no surprises. The stand up meetings are a great way of keeping everyone on track and informed. I thought it was very interesting that he brings up a valid issue with checking in with team members using email or phone calls. This gives the person the ability to blow you off or say what needs to be said to draw you off his back. Checking in on what s going on throughout your team in person allows you to ask or answer and questions. This is always a great way of hold your team members accountable for their work. (5)Managing teams: I have experienced great and I have experienced horrible project managers in the Marine Corps. When I recall about any of the fantastic project managers that I worked for, the common theme was their ability to lead by example. Leading by example is more than just

Legal Disabilities Law - 1727 Words

Running head: HISTORY OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LAW According to National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), an IEP, or Individualized Education Program, is â€Å"a written statement for each individual with a disability that is developed, reviewed, and revised in accordance with Title 42 U.S.C. Section 1414(d).† (NAEP Glossary) Each source I studied stressed the concept of â€Å"individualized† plans because each program is tailored to specifically meet the needs of that particular student through a series of assessments, meetings and medical diagnoses. Recognizing that the content of the IEP is legally binding, it’s important to ensure that what is included in the IEP safeguards the needs of the student and that the student needs are†¦show more content†¦Refer to Section III Legal Requirements or to the Appendix of this document for letters of interpretation. The school district may pay for the assistive technology devices and services, or they may access other funding sources such as parents, private health insurance, Medicaid, or Vocational Rehabilitation. A July 1992 OSEP policy letter clarifies the issue of expenditures associated with providing assistive technology devices and services. The letter stated that they â€Å"envision state and local educational agencies will utilize a variety of sources of funds to ensure that students with disabilities are provided with FAPE.† I will ensure when speaking with the parent that they realize that the district does not have the funds needed but that if the IEP team determines that assistive technology should be provided, the district cannot require the student’s parents to be responsible for locating funding sources. The district can request the involvement of the parents in the funding search, but it is the responsibility of the district to find funding for the needs of the student according to the Legislative Analysis Office Executive Summary January 2013(LAO). Moreover the possibility exists that the school district may be unable to find other fundingShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Law For Children With Disabilities1580 Words   |  7 Pagesthere have been many educational mandates and laws in which have provided more opportunities for equal educational access. Section 504, the first Civil Rights Law for protection of students with disabilities was signed into law in 1973. This paved the way to many rights for students with disabilities to have a Free, Appropriate, Public, Education. 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This is a surprisingly large number, however only about 6% of theRead MoreThe Effects Of Special Education On Special Needs Students1505 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Laws and policies related to special needs students are set in place to assist in providing an appropriate education in the most least restrictive environment possible for special needs students. A Law is defined as a rule that is created by the government of a town, state or country. A law is created in hopes of settling a cause. Within the past 25 years laws pertaining to Special Education have evolved for the better of special needs students aroundRead MoreThroughout the world the majority of people identified with disabilities have been overlooked,1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthe majority of people identified with disabilities have been overlooked, hidden and ridiculed in the community (AHRC, 2013). Australian history demonstrates that in ‘dealing’ with this issue many individuals with disabilities have been placed in institutions and/or prisons and by sterilising many young girls (AHRC, 2013). The recent concern presented by Federal disability commissioner Graeme Inns, of the rise in sterilisation in young girls with disabilities begs the question of if the rights ofRead MoreChronological Record of Various Acts that were Implemented for Persons with Mental Ill ness954 Words   |  4 PagesThe Indian Judicial System is described as a system which is partly a continuation of the legal system, established by the British and follows a structure which is a combination of American Legal System and the British Legal System. It follows a hierarchical construction in the order of the court with Supreme Court (SC) at the top, followed by the High Court (HC), further followed by the District Courts (DC). The Indian Judicial System is an independent entity, which does not fall under the controlRead MoreEmployment Laws: HRM Strategy1710 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Employment Laws: HRM Strategy Objective The objective of this study is to research the employment laws in the state of Georgia and review the various designations of employment laws that are listed. The employment laws of the state of Georgia will then be applied to the HRM strategy relating to the introduction of new technology for employees who may experience physical limitations. The scenario chosen is one in which the employee does not have good vision. Introduction The State of GeorgiaRead MoreLegal, Safety, And Regulatory1035 Words   |  5 Pages Thomas Gordon October 5, 2015 Legal, Safety, and Regulatory in the Workplace HCS/341 Legal, Safety, and Regulatory in the Workplace Common sense and compassion in the workplace has been replaced by litigation. 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Standards and how the law is related to requiring teachers to use Content Standards to set clear objectives. You would probably want to include at least comments on NCLB legislation. Standards can also refer to effective teaching standards such as National Board Teaching Standards. How do both types of support student learning? There are several standards that have been set in the education sector with the aim of ensuring thatRead MoreWomen s And Disability Issues Within A Broad Socio Cultural And Geographic Context Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesChouinard is a professor in the School of Geography Earth Sciences at McMaster University. She has written on a variety of topics intersecting women’s and disability issues within a broad socio-cultural and geographic context (McMaster University website. 2015). 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Children’s Exposure to Homosexuality in Popular Culture Free Essays

The issue of homosexuality is a hot topic because of its religious, political, and social aspects that can be debated. The Family Research Report says â€Å"around 2-3% of men, and 2% of women, are homosexual or bisexual† (Gallup). Education on the topic is vital to promote acceptance and this can be done through formals or informal education. We will write a custom essay sample on Children’s Exposure to Homosexuality in Popular Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Formally, health care professionals or school sexual education classes can educate. But informally, parents, friends, and media are the most influential on people. In the media, homosexuality is portrayed in many ways and through many portals. In subtle ways it can be demonstrated with intimate friendships, inclusivity, hints, stereotypes, references, and physicality. The most easily influenced are children therefore they are the ones who need to be educated. Dennis says, â€Å"queering, locating undertows of same-sex desire between putatively heterosexual characters (Doty) is actually easier in programs targeted to children and adolescents than those targeted to adults† (739). Homosexual representations in popular culture on television positively and directly affect the acceptance of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transvestite individuals by younger generations. Inclusivity is important in children’s television programs to show viewers that heteronormativity is not the only option available in relationships. One show studied by Dennis uses a Nickelodeon show, Ned’s Declassified School Survival Guide, to demonstrate how subtle changes in dialogue can send a more positive message. The show is made as a guide to help adolescents survive in middle school or high school and offers tips on how to be successful in aspects not directly related to academics. In one episode Ned says â€Å"when you like someone†¦Ã¢â‚¬  when he could have just as easily said â€Å"when you like a girl†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Dennis 742). Changing the tip to include both sexes indicates that the character views a relationship to not be restrained to one sex or the other. While involving a more general target, the program also drops the notion that one sex must always be attracted to the opposite sex. Lack of such inclusivity leads children to grow up ignorant to the options they have and shows them that homosexuality is unacceptable. When a child relies on parents or formal education for sexual education, homosexuality is often excluded as a topic to be discussed and may be uncomfortable with it later in life when exposure is guaranteed. The largest case of ignorance and avoidance of the subject seems to be in the case of adolescent males, while adolescent girls tend to get a more complete and positive understanding of homosexuality in society (Herek, Cogan, and Gillis). Although it may be a difficult topic to discuss with children or allow children to be exposed to, depending on the individual’s beliefs or personal experience and knowledge, it is important that they give the children the information necessary to make decisions and judgments for themselves. This inclusivity positively affects children because they have the knowledge to accept individuals who are homosexual when they come in contact with them. In most cases in society, ignorance leads to fear, which is an unnecessary emotion when dealing with gay, lesbian, bisexual or transvestite people. Stereotypes, specifically defying stereotypes, are an effective tactic to promote acceptance in children’s television series. Because individuality is so important and applauded in our Western culture the defiance of social norms tends to be a good way to promote change or be noticed. Heteronormative ideals are no exception to this rule and therefore to promote acceptance and shift away from homophobic ideas in the media, homosexuality needs to be more prominent. A good example of how going against the norm is a successful way to get attention is the hit TV show The Simpsons. Everything about The Simpsons challenges the American Dream. It criticizes the hypocrisy within the American educational, religious, political, and economic systems (Tinglef). The Simpsons is also an example of defiance against heterosexual norms because there are many instances where the main character, Homer Simpson, acts in a way that is stereotypically homosexual such as kissing his secretary Carl, calling his wife Carl in bed, and having his favourite song be â€Å"It’s Raining Men† (Dennis 60). There are also secondary characters that act in a homosexual way such as Lenny, who sees a heaven full of Carls when he is dying. Another example is in Dennis’ study where he observed beauty as an important and frequent occurrence with males in young children’s programs, which is usually a trait attributed to females. This defiance of stereotypes is important for television series because it demonstrates the importance of individuality in our society and shows younger audiences that just because heterosexuality is the norm, it is not the only way to be. When children understand this at a young age, they will tend not to hold back homosexual feelings if they get them later in life. Subtle or obvious hints are important aspects to children’s programming because they demonstrate how homosexual ideas, behaviours, and acts are part of modern society. This exposure to subconscious hints implements the impression that these ideas, behaviours, and acts are not out of the ordinary and are to be accepted like all other aspects of society. While watching television, children often see same-sex couples portrayed as intimate friendships. An example is with bullies Crony and Loomer on Ned’s Declassified School Survival Guide who are always together. Some episodes show them doing stereotypical couple acts such as expressing jealousy if the other has a love interest. While studying the show, Dennis observed that in one episode Crony struggles to come out about his passion for fashion design, especially to Loomer, whom he thinks might end their friendship if he found out. Dennis describes this struggle as a metaphorical coming out as gay, especially when dealing with the issue of the â€Å"gender transgressive† interest in fashion (741). Hints such as those directed at intimate friendships and other homosexual behaviours positively affect the children watching the programs because they increase the belief in the normality of resistance against the heterosexual norms. Such hints of resistance can often be seen in children’s programming, especially in animated series with a high degree of fantasy (Dennis 744). Thanks to media exposure, acceptance of homosexual culture has become ncreasingly popular recently. Gay, lesbian, bisexual and transvestite people are more common in the media than ever before and homosexual culture is generally accepted in bigger cities. Homosexual actors and characters are also becoming more common on Harper, 5 television programs. One example is the TV show The Simpsons with several regular characters that are clearly homosexuals such as Mr. Smithers, Homer’s secretary Carl, and Marge’s sister Patty. It is important for adolescents to see this kind of diversity on TV so that they can be more accepting in their own communities. The Simpsons was awarded an Emmy Award for its 8th season, 15th episode, called Homer’s phobia for the lessons it gives on homosexuality and acceptance. In this episode, a gay parade that passes by the Simpsons’ home inspires Homer to attempt to man-up his son, Bart. Throughout the episode Homer has homophobic worries and tries to prevent Bart from turning gay, which is a negative lesson for children, but the show turns around at the end and Homer assures him of his unconditional love, whether he is straight or not (Padva 60). Through inclusivity, defying stereotypes, and giving subtly hints homosexuality in children’s television programs is increasing awareness and acceptance in younger generations of children. Although the incorporation of homosexual gestures and references in children’s television rises the question of why producers, directors, and actors decided to add them in the beginning, whether it was a purposeful act with political intentions, a deliberate but joking incorporation, or completely unintentional, it became evident that the effects are positive and will continue to be positive for as long as homosexual representation is positive. How to cite Children’s Exposure to Homosexuality in Popular Culture, Essay examples

Communication and Global Social Change †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Communication and Global Social Change. Answer: Introduction Every organization utilizes internal and external communication for interacting with its stakeholders. Business communication has evolved over the last two decades. Effective communication provides a competitive advantage to an organization irrespective of the industry in which it operates (Lee, 2014). The internal and external stakeholders that matter to an organization include suppliers of raw material, investors, support groups, end-consumers, employees working for the company, government bodies etc. Effective communication helps to gain the trust of the stakeholders. In an organization, it is almost impossible to manage a team without proper communication. Team management requires effective communication of objectives, tasks, and responsibilities (Lee, 2014). A proper flow of communication is required between the team members and their leader for sharing creative ideas. A manager is required to communicate with his team members for providing constructive feedback. Nowadays, internal and external communication depends upon Information Technology (Lee, 2014). Organizations communicate with the customers through their official websites, internet marketing, advertisements and social media pages. Communication within the organization takes place through online portals, telephonic conversations, e-mails, word processor, multimedia, instant messages, and video-conferencing. Verbal and non-verbal communication both help in conveying the message in an effective manner (Minter, 2010). Promotional activities like advertisements are used for communicating with the customers. Online and offline modes are utilized for connecting with consumers in different geographical locations. Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) strategies help to create awareness and boost sales (Minter, 2010). While communicating with the stakeholders it is important to maintain transp arency and honesty. Misleading facts and figures can tarnish the brand image. Lack of proper communication results in: low revenue generation, loss of existing customers, internal conflicts, ego clashes, high employee turnover, failure to achieve targets, low levels of customer satisfaction etc. Aim and Objectives The main purpose of this study is to understand the importance of effective business communication. This research helps to analyze the impact of effective communication on business growth and market share. There are several theories and concepts pertaining to business communication (Ostendorf, 2012). This study traces the practical application of these theories in an actual business environment. Thus, this research helps to establish a connection between the theories/ concepts and the real-life business environment. This study also helps us to understand the different methods used by an organization for internal and external business communication. Following are the objectives of this research in order to fulfill the aim of this study: To understand the importance of interpersonal skills. To understand the impact of social media marketing on revenue generation. To evaluate the role of non-verbal communication (Ostendorf, 2012). This study is limited to the business operations of Dominos. A similar study can be conducted for organizations operating in different industries but this report is based on the business context of Dominos (Kim and Kim, 2016). A limited set of theories has been used for this study. Ten theories/ concepts have been used for this study. The theories that form a basis of this report include Transmission model theory given by Shannon/ Warren in 1949, Transaction model theory given by Mohan in 2004 (Rentz, 2007), the nature of discourse theory given by Gay in 1996, the Motion and Leitch theory given in 2008, Silent Message theory given by Mehrabian in 1971 (Rentz, 2007), Interpersonal and Emotional message theory given by Hargie in 2011, the Intercultural Communication theory given by Mohan, Proxemics theory given by Edward Hall in 1996 (Rentz, 2007), SMCR Model of communication theory and Face Communication theory given by Blum in 1998 (Kim and Kim, 2016). A limited sample size of 80 has been used to carry out this research. This subject has a wide application across different industries and companies operating in different countries. Thus, the sample size chosen for this study is relatively small for drawing conclusions about the relation of theories related to business communication with actual business scenarios. Literature Review The Transmission model theory is given by Shannon and Warren elaborates the communication process. This theory states that the noise may distort the message. In an office setting, the noise may cause a distraction during a telephonic conversation or face-to-face interaction. According to this theory, there are three levels of problems- effective, technical and semantic (coach, 2017). Transaction model theory assumes the communicators to be inter-dependent on each other. The efficiency of communication depends upon the medium (coach, 2017). For example, there is a possibility of loss of message during a telephonic conversation. Psychological and physical noise acts as communication barriers. The discourse theory given by Leitch highlights the importance of social media and public relations. The discourse theory given by Gay states that knowledge can be created by using a certain language (coach, 2017). The Silent Message theory by Mehrabian deals with the non-verbal communication. Thi s includes facial expressions, eye contact, hand gestures and body language. By understanding these aspects of communication, one can develop perceptions about other people. This theory proposes the 7-38-55 rule where 7 percent of total communication consists of a choice of words, 38 percent consists of voice and 55 percent consists of body language (Waisbord, 2015). The Interpersonal and Emotional message theory by Hargie focuses on effective interpersonal skills. This theory states that interpersonal skills consist of non-verbal communication, team participation, negotiating ability, assertiveness, the ability to persuading others, ability to initiate an interaction, ability to explain something, listening skills, reflecting skills, the ability to question and self-disclosure (Worley, 2010). The Intercultural Communication theory by Mohan discusses the impact of culture on communication and vice-versa. Social media plays an important role in promoting intercultural communication. Organizations choose to advertise through the internet in order to reach people with the diverse cultural background. Creativity plays an important role in intercultural communication. The Proxemics theory by Edward Hall is based on non-verbal communication (Bednar, 2008). This theory explains the use of space/ distance for communication. There are different types of distances- public, social, personal and intimate. This theory states that the communication between two people depends on the physical distance between them. This theory divides the culture into two categories- non-contact and contact. The Face Communication theory by Blum states that there are 6 basic facial expressions- happiness, anger, surprise, fear, disgust, and sadness. Apart from biology, facial expressions are governed by cultural attitudes. SMCR model of communication discusses the different components involved in communication. The components include sender, receiver, message, and channel (Bednar, 2008). Method Of Research A descriptive research has been conducted for meeting the aim and objectives of this study. Primary data has been used for preparing this report. Qualitative analysis has been done on the basis of acquired data. Surveys are quite effective for conducting a qualitative analysis (Anders, 2016). A questionnaire has been used for collecting the primary data that has been used in this study. Formulating a questionnaire is an important aspect of a primary study because the results and conclusions depend upon the questionnaire. A Likert scale has been used for developing the questionnaire. The survey was conducted by through face-to-face interaction and e-mail (Anders, 2016). The respondents were made to answer the questions after giving them a brief about the purpose of the study. The information obtained through survey was compiled and stored in a spreadsheet. Data analysis helped to draw conclusions for the study. The employees of Dominos have been surveyed for this study. The responses obtained from 80 respondents have been analyzed. Convenient sampling technique was used for selecting the respondents for the survey. The following results have been obtained through data analysis: More than 60 percent of the respondents have admitted social media marketing impacts their buying decisions. 75 percent of the respondents believe that organizations use social media for understanding the consumers in a better way. More than 45 percent of respondents said that sharing information about CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) activities helps to improve brand reputation. Around 80 percent of respondents believe that innovative advertising ideas help in acquiring a competitive advantage. 92 percent of respondents said that the organization considers customer feedback for developing a new product or improving the quality of the existing product. More than 95 percent of respondents consider non-verbal communication to be equally important for conveying a message. 85 percent of respondents believe that face-to-face interaction is the better option for discussing performance or new project. More than 50 percent of employees said that non-verbal communication (body language, the tone of the voice and facial expression) helps to analyze that the other person is being dishonest. More than 70 percent of respondents have agreed that interpersonal skills are essential for becoming a supervisor/ team leader. Only 35 percent of the respondents feel that employee with good interpersonal skills is more confident at the workplace. 65 percent of respondents have agreed that employee with good interpersonal skills has a better relationship with co-workers and growth opportunities. Conclusion Almost every theory considered for this study is applicable in real-life business context. Interpersonal skills play an important role in defining the growth prospects and relationship with other employees. In is imperative to have interpersonal skills for becoming an effective leader. Social media marketing plays an important role in revenue generation by boosting sales. Apart from creating awareness, organizations utilize social media for understanding customer needs and preferences. Non-verbal communication plays a very important role in business communication. It helps to interpret the message in best possible manner. Recommendations Organizations should increase their dependence on social media marketing. It is a cost-effective communication tool for establishing a relation with customers. Every employee should focus on developing interpersonal skills. These skills help to enhance productivity and increase the scope of recognition at the workplace. These skills differentiate a leader from his followers. Special attention should be given towards non-verbal communication. Body language, expressions, and eye contact convey a lot more than words. Poor non-verbal communication can leave a negative impact on the other person. References Anders, A. (2016). Team Communication Platforms and Emergent Social Collaboration Practices.International Journal of Business Communication, 53(2), pp.224-261. Bednar, L. (2008). Learning the Intricacies of Effective Communication Through Game Design.Business Communication Quarterly, 71(1), pp.68-71. coach, b. (2017).What is Electronic Communication in Business? Media. [online] Business Communication. Available at: https://bizcommunicationcoach.com/what-is-electronic-communication-in-business-types/ [Accessed 2 May 2017]. Kim, M. and Kim, N. (2016). A study on the type of communication within organization affectingthecultureof learningtransfer.Korean Review of Corporation Management, 7(2), p.93. Lee, Y. (2014). Communication within the organization effects on job involvement perceived by a social welfare government officer.Journal of community welfare, 49(2). Minter, R. (2010). Organizational Communication Audits: Assessing Core Communication Competencies Within The Organization.International Journal of Management Information Systems (IJMIS), 14(5). Ostendorf, A. (2012). Book Review: Intercultural Business Communication.Business Communication Quarterly, 75(2), pp.221-224. Rentz, K. (2007). Outstanding Article in Business Communication Quarterly.Business Communication Quarterly, 70(2), pp.243-246. Waisbord, S. (2015). Three Challenges for Communication and Global Social Change.Communication Theory, 25(2), pp.144-165. Worley, R. (2010). Business Communication and New Media.Business Communication Quarterly, 73(4), pp.432-434.

Secret River Kate Grenville free essay sample

‘The Secret River’ by Kate Grenville is a historical narrative which utilizes conventions that expose the potential challenges and values of early Australian settlers and their relationship with the Indigenous Australians. The conventions Grenville utilizes include characterization, themes, and figurative language, which assist in positioning the reader to consider these challenges. Grenville uses characterization as a convention to expose the potential challenges and values of the fictional colonists and their relationship with the Indigenous Australians. The events of the narrative deliver a great insight into the potential distressed mind of the main character, William Thornhill. Throughout the narrative, Grenville effectively positions the reader into feeling compassion towards Thornhill, as he was forced to move from the poverty-stricken London to a foreign land. In the orientation, Grenville epitomizes a colonist’s experience, and the tension becomes clear between Thornhill and the Indigenous Australians. The initial tension is highlighted by Thornhill, â€Å"It took a moment to understand that the stirring was a human, as black as the air itself† (Grenville, K. We will write a custom essay sample on Secret River Kate Grenville or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page , ‘The Secret River’, 2005, page 5). The settlers’ values are presented efficiently by Grenville throughout the narrative. For example, Thornhill believed the settlers immediately had, on their settlement, a cultural dominance and therefore had no respect for the way the Indigenous Australians had initially lived. This positions the reader into feeling sympathetic towards the Indigenous Australians, as they are harshly mistreated. Throughout the narrative, the reader is able to see the good and evil in Thornhill, and whilst he’s sitting at the river before the battle, he reflects on his morality. Grenville, in an interview stated; â€Å"The most puzzling aspect of human behaviour, of course, is bad behaviour – so there’s a dimension of moral enquiry to the stories† (Grenville, K. , Interview, 2009). Thornhill reflecting on his morality subsequently positions the reader into thinking about bad behaviour and therefore makes them feel  empathy towards the Indigenous Australians. Characterization is also incorporated into the narrative through the character of Smasher Sullivan, who is one of the settlers along the Hawkesbury who has a deep hatred for the Indigenous Australians, who is juxtaposed with Thomas Blackwood, who has a great appreciation for the Indigenous Australian culture. These two characters expose the potential challenges these Indigenous Australians were forced to deal with after the settlement of the early Australians. Smasher Sullivan is a character who represents the path of the racial, social and physical domination that the early Australian settlers had over the Indigenous Australians, and in contrast to Smasher Sullivan, Thomas Blackwood symbolizes the choice of peaceful co-existence that would have occurred. Grenville successfully utilizes the convention of themes in order to position the reader to consider the dominant themes of social hierarchy, clash of civilizations and aboriginal culture. Through these themes, Grenville has been able to articulate the social structure of Colonial Australia, and how this hierarchy has influenced where Australians are today. Social hierarchy is a prevalent theme explored throughout this narrative, where Grenville is able to distinguish the ways in which the early Australian settlers perceive the legitimate power and control over the indigenous Australians. This idea of claiming status and discarding the stigma of a convict comes from a lifetime of living in the poverty-stricken South end of London where many Londoners had been humiliated for the majority of their early lives. The values of the early Australian settlers becomes clear through the way they mistreat and unfairly judge the indigenous Australians, â€Å"clothes as he was, Thornhill felt as skinless as a maggot† (Grenville, K. , ‘The Secret River’, 2005, page 5). The conflict between the two civilizations was first established in the opening encounter between William Thornhill and an Indigenous Australian. Without a word being said, the tension between them is foreshadowed. Thornhill takes note of the Indigenous Australians’ tattoos, referring to them as ‘scars’, where Grenville reveals their lack of knowledge for the Aboriginal culture. This lack of knowledge of Aboriginal culture is another theme which Grenville has carefully expressed throughout this novel. Grenville has stated in an interview that it ‘wasn’t her place to tell from the Aborigines point of view’. In this theme, Grenville clearly and with consideration of cultural sensitivity expresses the Indigenous Australians deep attachment to the land. Grenville also suggests that the colonists could learn a lot from the Indigenous Australians, and effectively conveys the richness of their culture. Figurative language is another common convention which has been used by Grenville in order to distinguish the relationship between the two civilizations. Imagery is a device which is incorporated into the narrative efficiently portraying a picture in the mind of the reader and subsequently positions the reader into feeling a particular kind of emotion or tone. For example, the harsh Australian land is presented through the use of imagery, such as ‘dirt chill’, ‘sharp stab’ and ‘under these alien stars’ (Grenville, K. , ‘The Secret River’, 2005, page 4), which displays the fact that the Australian land is considered a foreign monster, and is unwelcoming to new inhabitants. Descriptive language is also utilized by Grenville, for example in a scene where the Indigenous Australians are throwing rocks from the shelter of the bush. Thornhill narrates this tension as the ‘forest spitting parts of itself out at them’ (Grenville, K. , ‘The Secret River’, 2005, page 306). Following this, Thornhill also narrates the spear as ‘a shadow cutting through the light and piercing the ground beside his boot’ (Grenville, K. , ‘The Secret River’, 2005, page 306). The figurative language used in this instance contributes effectively to the developing impact and tone that this violent scene delivers to the reader, effectively evoking emotion and exposing the potential challenges between these two civilizations. In conclusion, Kate Grenville has used these conventions of fiction, such as characterization, themes, and figurative language thoroughly in order to expose the potential challenges and values of the early Australian settlers and their relationship with the Indigenous Australians, and has effectively delivered her purpose for this narrative; â€Å"What I hope will happen is that I can create an experience for readers in which they’re drawn into the same puzzle and exploration-without-destination as I experienced in the writing† (Grenville, K., Interview, 2009). Grenville allows the reader to obtain more knowledge on the sensitive subject of Indigenous Australian culture and their attachment to the land.